October 14, 2016 — The Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) today finalized a landmark new payment system for Medicare clinicians that will continue the administration’s progress in reforming how the healthcare system pays for care. The Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA) Quality Payment Program, which replaces the flawed Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR), will equip clinicians with the tools and flexibility to provide high-quality, patient-centered care.
With clinicians as partners, the administration is building a system that delivers better care, one in which clinicians work together and have a full understanding of patients’ needs, Medicare pays for what works and spends taxpayer money more wisely, and patients are in the center of their care, resulting in a healthier country.
“Today, we’re proud to put into action Congress’s bipartisan vision of a Medicare program that rewards clinicians for delivering quality care to their patients,” said HHS Secretary Sylvia M. Burwell. “Designed with input from thousands of clinicians and patients across the country, the new Quality Payment Program will strengthen our healthcare system for patients, clinicians and the American taxpayer.”
With the Affordable Care Act (ACA), America has made important strides in helping more Americans than ever afford quality health insurance and access patient-centered care, according to HHS. The department said the ACA created important tools to put individuals at the center of their own care and unlock access to healthcare data for patients and their clinicians.
With MACRA, Congress gave HHS the tools to keep improving how we pay for care, the department said, so clinicians can focus on the quality of care they give, not the quantity of services they provide; and to keep improving the way care is delivered, by encouraging better coordination and prioritizing wellness and prevention.
“It’s time to modernize the Medicare physician payment system to be more streamlined and effective at supporting high-quality patient care. To be successful, we must put patients and clinicians at the center of the Quality Payment Program,” said Andy Slavitt, Acting Administrator of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). “A critical feature of the program will be implementing these changes at a pace and with options that clinicians choose. Today’s policies are designed to get all eligible clinicians to participate in the program, so they are set up for successful care delivery as the program matures.”
The new rule is informed by a months-long listening tour with nearly 100,000 attendees and nearly 4,000 public comments. A common theme in the input HHS received was the need for flexibility, simplicity and support for small practices. And that’s what this final policy aims to provide. First, the new payment system creates two pathways. These paths let clinicians pick the right pace for them to participate in the transition from a fee-for-service healthcare system to one that uses alternative payment models that reward quality of care over quantity of services. Clinicians will choose between two options:
- The first path gives clinicians the opportunity to be paid more for better care and investments that support patients. It reduces existing requirements, while still emphasizing and rewarding quality care. In the first year, it also provides a flexible performance period, so that those who are ready can dive in immediately, but those who need more time can prepare for participation later in the year;
- The second path helps clinicians go further by participating in organizations that get paid primarily for keeping people healthy. For example, they could be part of an accountable care organization (ACO) where clinicians come together to coordinate high-quality care for the patients they serve. When they get better health results and reduce costs for the care of their patients, the clinicians receive a portion of the savings.
Evolving Along with Payment Reform
CMS is building the Quality Payment Program to evolve along with the healthcare system. That’s why it facilitates participation in new payment models. The Affordable Care Act created the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (Innovation Center) to implement and scale the best ideas from the medical community to improve the quality of care for Medicare beneficiaries while lowering costs. Thanks to the Innovation Center’s work so far, Medicare has a plan for eligible beneficiaries to receive free diabetes prevention services, the quality of hip and knee replacements are being improved while lowering costs, and primary care clinicians are using flexibility to deliver the best outcomes with a payment system that rewards results. CMS intends to broaden opportunities for clinicians, including small practices and specialties, to participate in these kinds of initiatives. For example, a major opportunity being considered for 2018 will be the new Accountable Care Organization Track 1+ model that provides more flexibility for clinicians. CMS is also reviewing reopening some existing Advanced Alternative Payment Models for application to allow more clinicians to join these types of initiatives. In 2018, CMS expects about 25 percent of eligible clinicians will be a part of the second path of Advanced Alternative Payment Models.
Providing Comprehensive Support to Clinicians
To further support small practices, MACRA provides $20 million each year for five years to train and educate Medicare clinicians in small practices of 15 clinicians or fewer and those working in underserved areas. Beginning December 2016, local, experienced organizations will offer free, on-the-ground, specialized help to small practices using this funding. In addition, Jean Moody-Williams, registered nurse and deputy director of the CMS Center for Clinical Standards and Quality (CCSQ), is leading an outreach effort to individual clinicians nationwide to help them prepare for the Quality Payment Program. In addition, CMS has launched a long-term initiative, led by Shantanu Agarwal, M.D., to improve the clinician experience with Medicare.
HHS also launched a new Quality Payment Program website, which will explain the new program and help clinicians easily identify the measures most meaningful to their practice or specialty. There will also be a service center available by email and phone that will answer questions about the Quality Payment Program.
Continuing to Listen
The new rule incorporates input received to date, but it is only the next step in an iterative process for implementing the new law. HHS is also launching a new interactive website to help clinicians understand the program and successfully participate. The department will continue to host listening and learning sessions throughout the country, and welcome additional feedback from patients, caregivers, clinicians, healthcare professionals, Congress and others on how to better achieve these goals. HHS looks forward to feedback on the final rule with comment period and will accept comments until 60 days after the final rule’s release date.
For more information about the rule, including a fact sheet, visit: https://qualitypaymentprogram.cms.gov/education
Comments may be submitted electronically through the e-Regulation website at http://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Regulations-and-Policies/eRulemaking/index.html?redirect=/eRulemaking
July 30, 2024 
